GFCI protection for appliances
The NEC requires GFCI protection for a set list of appliances, including dishwashers, sump pumps, vending machines and plug-in high-pressure washers, when they are rated 150 volts or less to ground and 60 amps or less.
What the code requires
Section 422.5(A) requires Class A GFCI protection for these appliances when rated 150 volts or less to ground and 60 amps or less, single- or 3-phase: automotive vacuum machines; drinking water coolers and bottle fill stations; cord-and-plug-connected high-pressure spray washers; tire inflation machines; vending machines; sump pumps; and dishwashers.
The GFCI must be listed and readily accessible. It can be in the branch-circuit overcurrent device, a device or outlet in the supply circuit, the attachment plug, the cord within 12 in. of the plug, or built into the appliance at the factory. More than one GFCI device is allowed but not required.
A companion rule, 210.8(D), requires GFCI protection at the branch circuit or outlet for the same appliances plus ranges, wall ovens, counter-mounted cooking units, clothes dryers and microwave ovens, whether hardwired or plug-in, when they are rated 150 volts or less to ground and 60 amps or less.
On the job
- Dishwashers need GFCI protection, and the reset has to be readily accessible. A GFCI receptacle hidden behind the dishwasher does not meet that.
- Hardwired ranges, ovens and dryers rated 150 volts or less to ground and 60 amps or less now need GFCI protection at the branch circuit or outlet under 210.8(D).
- Sump pumps are on the list, so the outlet or circuit serving a sump pump needs GFCI protection.
What changed in 2023
The 2023 edition shortened the section title. 210.8(D), which in 2020 simply pointed to the 422.5(A) list, became its own list that adds electric ranges, wall-mounted ovens, counter-mounted cooking units, clothes dryers and microwave ovens.
Related sections
- NEC 210.8(D): GFCI for dishwashers, ranges, dryers and other appliances
- NEC 210.8(A): GFCI protection in homes
- NEC 210.8(B): GFCI protection in commercial buildings
- NEC 422.16: Cords for dishwashers, disposals and range hoods
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